Annotated Bibliography

- Kimmel, Michael S. Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men. New York:

               Harper, 2008. Print.

               Micheal Kimmel discusses how in today's society men are expected to act and behave by rules. Kimmel spends time discussing the list of rules and values known as the "guy code" summarized by Robert Brannon, a social psychologist of the 1970s, he explains that this list must be fallowed in order to be seen as a man by society. Kimmel also mentions the "Gender Police," men and women who are always watching judging and waiting for a guy to mess up in being a man just so they can strip him of his of masculinity. The guy code may be intended to make a boy into a strong, emotionless and dependable man, bottling up emotions and trying to be seen as a man by other men and women can be tiresome. Kimmel discusses that all this pressure of trying to be a man can lead to depression, suicidal behavior, and various other forms of emotional disturbed orders.


- Meek,Will. "Male Gender Role." Psychology of Men. Web. Sat. 17 Nov. 2012

             This website was created by Will Meek, a licenced psychologist currently head director of Counseling Services at Washington State University, Vancouver. Meek devoted this website to the study of men and masculinity, Meek says to understand masculinity you have to know what gender is, gender is defined as a set of characteristics or traits that are associated with a certain biological sex,male or female. Meek describes the male gender role as a set of attitudes and behaviors similar to the guy code. Researchers have described the rules of masculinity to be attitudes for a man to hold himself to, ways to look, ways to act and present oneself. The researchers argue that the rules are biological from birth and hard wired into a boys DNA, while others disagree and say that the rules are taught from a boy's surroundings and parents. Meek has come to the conclusion from his research that is a balance between Biological factors and and a boys surroundings.

-Lapp, Joan. "Boys to Men." Boys to Men Conference. Children Now: 1999. Web

            Boys to Men talks about the media's role in identity formation among young boys. The media can broaden the images and messages that define masculinity in certain characters, reinforcing society's definition of masculinity as successful, violent and powerful. The media has summarized men as masculine icons; The Jock, The Strong Quiet Type, The Big Shot and as The Action Hero, all Strong manly men that boys want to be. At a young age boys are constantly surrounded by media showing them images of what men should be like.Interviews with boys between the ages of 8-12 talk about how they never see images of "affectionate" men or it was rare to see a male character play a sensitive part. Being surrounded by images of manly men that display emotional separations or violence, young boys believe that is how a real man should be.